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Index Of the Book
1. CEMENT 1–26
- General 1
- Early History of Modern Cement 2
- Manufacture of Portland Cement 5
- Wet Process 6
- Dry Process 9
- Chemical Composition 14
- Hydration of Cement 17
- Heat of Hydration 18
- Calcium Silicate Hydrates 19
- Calcium Hydroxide 20
- Calcium Aluminate Hydrates 21
- Structure of Hydrated Cement 22
- Transition Zone 22
- Water Requirements for Hydration 25
2. TYPES OF CEMENT AND TESTING OF CEMENT 27-65
- Types of Cement Types of Cement 28 Types of Cement
- ASTM Classification 28
- Ordinary Portland Cement 29
- Rapid Hardening Cement 30
- Extra Rapid Hardening Cement 30
- Sulphate Resisting Cement 31
- Portland Slag Cement 31
- Application of GGBS Concrete 33
- Quick Setting Cement 33
- Super Sulphated Cement 34
- Low Heat Cement 34
- Portland Pozzolana Cement 35
- Advantages of PPC 36
- Grading of PPC 37
- Application 37
- Air-Entraining Cement 37
- Coloured Cement 38
- Hydrophobic Cement 39
- Masonry Cement 39
- Expansive Cement 40
- IRS-T40 Special Grade Cement 40
- Oil-Well Cement 41
- Rediset Cement 41
- CONTENTS
- (xii)
- Properties of Rediset 41
- Applications 42
- High Alumina Cement 42
- Hydration of High Alumina Cement 42
- High Alumina Cement Concrete 43
- Refractory Concrete 44
- Very High Strength Cement 45
- Macro-defect free Cement 45
- Densely Packed System 45
- Pressure Densification and Warm Pressing 45
- High Early Strength Cement 46
- Pyrament Cement 46
- Magnesium Phosphate Cement 46
- Testing of Cement Testing of Cement 47 Testing of Cement
- Field Testing 47
- Fineness Test 48
- Sieve Test 49
- Air Permeability Method 49
- Standard Consistency Test 50
- Setting Time Test 50
- Initial Setting Time 52
- Final Setting Time 53
- Strength Test 53
- Soundness Test 54
- Heat of Hydration 55
- Chemical Composition Test 56
- Test Certificate 56
3. AGGREGATES AND TESTING OF AGGREGATES 66-118
- General 66
- Classification 67
- Source 67
- Aggregates from Igneous Rocks 68
- Aggregates from Sedimentary Rocks 68
- Aggregates from Metamorphic Rocks 68
- Size 69
- Shape 70
- Texture 73
- Measurement of Surface Texture 74
- Strength 74
- Aggregate Crushing Value 75
- Aggregate Impact Value 76
- Aggregate Abrasion Value 76
- Deval Attrition Test 76
- Dorry Abrasion Test 76
- Los Angeles Test 77
- Modulus of Elasticity 77
- Bulk Density 78
- (xiii)
- Specific Gravity 78
- Absorption and Moisture Content 78
- Bulking of Aggregate 80
- Measurement of Moisture Content of Aggregates 81
- Drying Method 82
- Displacement Method 82
- Calcium Carbide Method 82
- Electrical Meter Method 82
- Automatic Measurement 82
- Cleanliness 83
- Soundness of Aggregate 85
- Alkali-Aggregate Reaction 85
- Factors Promoting Alkali-Aggregate Reaction 86
- High Alkali Content in Cement 88
- Availability of Moisture 89
- Temperature Condition 89
- Mechanism of Deterioration of Concrete 89
- Control of Alkali Aggregate Reaction 89
- Thermal Properties 90
- Grading of Aggregates 91
- Sieve Analysis 93
- Combining Aggregates to obtain Specified Gradings 94
- Specific Surface and Surface Index 96
- Standard Grading Curve 100
- Crushed Sand 105
- Gap Grading 107
- Testing of Aggregates 107 Testing of Aggregates
- Test for Determination of Flakiness Index 107
- Test for Determination of Elongation Index 109
- Test for Determination of Clay and Fine Silt 110
- Test for Determination of Organic Impurities 111
- Test for Determination of Specific Gravity 112
- Test for Bulk Density and Voids 112
- Mechanical Properties of Aggregates 113
- Test for Aggregate Crushing Value 113
- Test for “Ten per cent Fines” Value 114
- Test for Aggregate Impact Value 114
- Test for Aggregate Abrasion Value 115
4. WATER 119-123
- Qualities of Water 119
- Use of Sea Water for Mixing Concrete 122
5. ADMIXTURES AND CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS 124-217
- General 124
- Admimxtures 125
- Construction Chemicals 126
- Plasticizers (Water Reducers) 126
- (xiv)
- Action of Plasticizers 128
- Dispersion 128
- Retarding Effect 128
- Superplasticizers (High Range Water Reducers) 129
- Classification of Superplasticizer 130
- Effect of Superplasticizers on Fresh Concrete 131
- Compatibility of Superplasticizers and Cement 131
- Factors Effecting Workability 136
- Type of Superplasticizers 136
- Dosage 136
- Mix Composition 137
- Variability in Cement Composition 137
- Mixing Procedure 137
- Equipment 138
- Site Problems in the use of Superplasticizers 138
- Slump Loss 140
- Steps for Reducing Slump Loss 140
- Other Potential Problems 142
- Effect of Superplasticizers on the Properties of Hardened Concrete 143
- New Generation Superplasticizers 144
- Carboxylated Acrylic Ester (CAE) 144
- Multicarboxylatether (MCE) 147
- Retarders 148
- Retarding Plasticizers 149
- Accelerators 149
- Accelerating Plasticizers 158
- Air-entraining Admixtures 158
- Air-entraining Agents 159
- Factors Affecting Amount of Air-entrainment 159
- The Effect of Air-entrainment on the Properties of Concrete 160
- Resistance to Freezing and Thawing 161
- Effect on Workability 162
- Effect on Strength 163
- Effect on Segregation and Bleeding 166
- Effect on Permeability 169
- Effect on Chemical Resistance 169
- Effect on Sand, Water and Cement Content 169
- Unit Weight 170
- Alkali Aggregate Reaction 170
- Modulus of Elasticity 170
- Abrasion Resistance 170
- Optimum Air Content in Concrete 171
- Measurement of Air Content 171
- Gravimetric Method 171
- Volumetric Method 173
- Pressure Method 173
- The Water Type Meter 173
- Pozzolanic or Mineral Admixtures 174
- (xv)
- Pozzolanic Materials 175
- Natural Pozzolans 175
- Artificial Pozzolans 175
- Fly Ash 176
- Effect of Fly Ash on Fresh Concrete 179
- Effect of Fly Ash on Hardened Concrete 180
- Durability of Concrete 180
- High Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFA) 180
- Properties of (HVFA) Fresh Concrete 181
- Bleeding and Setting Time 181
- Heat of Hydration 182
- Curing of (HVFA) Concrete 182
- Mechanical Properties of (HVFA) Concrete 182
- Durability of (HVFA) Concrete 182
- Use of High Volume Fly Ash 183
- Silica Fume 183
- Indian Scenario 184
- Available Forms 184
- Pozzolanic Action 185
- Influence on Fresh Concrete 185
- Influence on Hardened Concrete 186
- Mixing 186
- Curing 186
- Rice Husk Ash 186
- Surkhi 187
- Metakaolin 188
- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) 189
- Performance of GGBS in Concrete 191
- Fresh Concrete 191
- Hardened Concrete 191
- Damp-Proofing and Water-Proofing Admixtures 192
- Gas Forming Agents 193
- Air-Detraining Agents 194
- Alkali Aggregate Expansion Inhibitors 194
- Workability Agents 195
- Grouting Agents 195
- Corrosion Inhibiting Agents 196
- Bonding Admixtures 196
- Fungicidal, Germicidal and Insecticidal Admixtures 196
- Colouring Agents 197
- Miscellaneous Admixtures 197
- Damp-proofers 197
- Construction Chemicals 198
- Membrane Forming Curing Compounds 200
- Drying Behaviour 201
- Types of Curing Compounds 201
- Application Procedure 201
- General Characteristics 202
- (xvi)
- Water Retention Test 203
- Polymer Bonding Agents 204
- Polymer Modified Mortar for Repair and Maintenance 204
- Mould Releasing Agents 205
- Installation Aids 205
- Floor Hardners and Dust Proofers 206
- Non-Shrink High Strength Grout 207
- Surface Retarders 207
- Bond Aid for Plastering 208
- Ready to use Plaster 208
- Guniting Aid 208
- Construction Chemicals for Waterproofing 209
- Integral Waterproofing Compound 210
- Acrylic Based Polymer Coatings 210
- Mineral Based Polymer Modified Coatings 211
- Protective and Decorative Coatings 212
- Chemical DPC 212
- Waterproofing Adhesives for Tile, Marble and Granite 213
- Silicone based Water Repellant Materials 214
- Injection Grout for Cracks 214
- Joint Sealants 215
- Concrete Repair Systems 215
- Stages for Repair Works 215
6. FRESH CONCRETE 218-297
- Workability 219
- Factors Affecting Workability 220
- Water Content 220
- Mix Proportions 220
- Size of Aggregate 221
- Shape of Aggregate 221
- Surface Texture 221
- Grading of Aggregate 221
- Use of Admixture 221
- Measurement of Workability 222
- Slump Test 222
- K-Slump Tester 224
- Remarks 227
- Compacting Factor Test 227
- Flow Test 228
- Flow Table Apparatus 229
- Accessory Procedure 230
- Kelly Ball Test 231
- Vee Bee Consistometer Test 232
- Segregation 233
- Bleeding 234
- Method of Test for Bleeding 236
- (xvii)
- Setting Time of Concrete 236
- Process of Manufacture of Concrete 238
- Batching 238
- Volume Batching 238
- Weigh Batching 240
- Measurement of Water 241
- Mixing 241
- Hand Mixing 242
- Machine Mixing 242
- Mixing Time 245
- Retempering 246
- Maintenance of Mixer 247
- Transporting 247
- Mortar Pan 247
- Wheel Barrow 248
- Crane Bucket and Ropeway 249
- Truck Mixer and Dumper 249
- Belt Conveyors 249
- Chute 249
- Skip and Hoist 249
- Transit Mixer 250
- Pumps and Pipeline 251
- Development of Concrete Pump 251
- Concrete Pumps 251
- Types of valve 252
- Pipeline and Couplings 252
- Laying the Pipeline 253
- Capabilities of Concrete Pump 253
- Pumpable Concrete 254
- Design Consideration 255
- Choosing Correct Pump 256
- Common Problems 258
- Clearing Blockages 259
- Placing Concrete 259
- Form Work 261
- Stripping Time 261
- Under Water Concreting 262
- Compaction of Concrete 265
- Hand Compaction 266
- Compaction by Vibration 267
- Internal Vibrator 268
- Formwork Vibrator 268
- Table Vibrator 269
- Platform Vibrator 269
- Surface Vibrator 269
- Compaction by Pressure and Jolting 269
- Compaction by Spinning 269
- Vibratory Roller 269
- (xviii)
- General Points on Using Vibrators 270
- Further Instructions on use of Vibrators 270
- Height of Concrete Layer 271
- Depth of Immersion of Vibrator 271
- Spacing and Number of Insertion Positions 272
- Speed of Insertion 272
- Duration of Vibration 273
- Vibrating Concrete at Junctions 273
- Vibrating Reinforced Concrete 273
- Vibrating Near the Form Work 273
- Vibrating High Walls and Columns 276
- Over Vibration 276
- Output of Immersion Vibrations 276
- Revibration 276
- Vibration of Light-weight Concrete 277
- Curing of Concrete 277
- Curing methods 279
- Water curing 279
- Membrane curing 280
- Application of Heat 281
- Steam curing 282
- High Pressure Steam curing 287
- Curing by Infra-red Radiation 288
- Electrical curing 289
- Miscellaneous Methods of Curing 289
- When to Start Curing 289
- Finishing 291
- Formwork Finishes 291
- Surface Treatment 292
- Exposed Aggregate Finish 293
- Bush Hammering 293
- Applied Finish 293
- Miscellaneous Finish 294
- Wear Resistant Floor Finish 294
- Requirement of a Good Finish 295
- Grinding and Polishing 295
- Craziness 295
- Whisper Concrete Finish 296
7. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE 298-324
- General 298
- Water / Cement Ratio 299
- Gel / Space Ratio 301
- Gain of Strength with Age 303
- Accelerated Curing Test 306
- Maturity Concept of Concrete 306
- Effect of Maximum Size of Aggregate 311
- (xix)
- Relation between Compressive and Tensile Strength 311
- Centre Point and Third Point Loading 314
- Bond Strength 315
- Aggregate Cement Bond Strength 316
- High Strength Concrete 318
- Seeding 319
- Revibration 319
- High Speed Slurry Mixing 319
- Use of Admixture 319
- Inhibition of Cracks 319
- Sulphur Impregnation 319
- Use of Cementitious Aggregate 319
- Ultra High Strength Concrete 319
- Compaction by Pressure 319
- Helical Binding 320
- Polymer Concrete 320
- Reactive Powder Concrete 320
- High-Performance Concrete (HPC) 321
- Aggregates for HPC 322
8. ELASTICITY, CREEP AND SHRINKAGE 325-348
- Elastic Properties of Aggregate 325
- Relation between Modulus of Elasticity and Strength 328
- Factors Affecting Modulus of Elasticity 329
- Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity 331
- Poison’s Ratio 332
- Creep 332
- Rheological Representation of Creep 333
- Macroscopic Rheological Approach 333
- Microscopic Rheological Approach 334
- Hydration under Sustained Load 335
- Measurement of Creep 336
- Factors Affecting Creep 339
- Influence of Aggregate 339
- Influence of Mix Proportions 339
- Influence of Age 339
- Effect of Creep 339
- Shrinkage 340
- Plastic Shrinkage 341
- Drying Shrinkage 343
- Factors Affecting Shrinkage 344
- Moisture Movement 347
- Autogeneous Shrinkage 347
- Carbonation Shrinkage 347
9. DURABILITY OF CONCRETE 349-419
- General 349
- Strength and Durability Relationship 350
- (xx)
- Volume Change in Concrete 352
- Definition of Durability 352
- Significance of Durability 352
- Impact of W/C Ratio on Durability 353
- Permeability 354
- Permeability of Cement Paste 354
- Permeability of Concrete 356
- Interaction between Permeability, Volume Change and Cracking 357
- Factors Contributing to Cracks in Concrete 361
- Plastic Shrinkage Cracks 361
- Settlement Cracks 362
- Bleeding 362
- Delayed Curing 362
- Constructional Effects 363
- Early Frost Damage 363
- Unsound Materials 364
- Shrinkage 364
- Drying Shrinkage 365
- Thermal Shrinkage 365
- Thermal Conductivity 367
- Thermal Diffusivity 368
- Specific Heat 370
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 370
- Mass Concrete 372
- Thermal Expansion and Shrinkage 373
- Extensibility 375
- Joints in Concrete 376
- Construction Joints 376
- Expansion Joints 376
- Contraction Joints 379
- Isolation Joints 381
- Concrete Subjected to High Temperature 382
- Fire Resistance 382
- Freezing and Thawing 383
- Deicing Effects of Salts 387
- Moisture Movements 387
- Transition Zone 387
- Biological Process 388
- Structural Design Defficiencies 388
- Chemical Action 389
- Sulphate Attack 389
- Methods of Controlling Sulphate Attack 390
- Use of Sulphate Resisting Cement 390
- Quality of Concrete 390
- Use of Air-entrainment 390
- Use of Pozzolana 390
- High Pressure Steam Curing 390
- Use of High Alumina Cement 390
- (xxi)
- Alkali-Aggregate Reaction 394
- Acid Attack 395
- Concrete in Sea Water 396
- Carbonation 398
- Rate of Carbonation 398
- Measurement of Depth of Carbonation 400
- Chloride Attack 400
- Corrosion of Steel (Chloride Induced) 402
- Corrosion Control 404
- Metallurgical Methods 405
- Corrosion Inhibitors 405
- Coatings to Reinforcement 406
- Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating 407
- Galvanised Reinforcement 408
- Cathodic Protection 408
- Coatings to Concrete 408
- Design and Detailing 409
- Nominal Cover to Reinforcement 409
- Crack Width 411
- Deterioration of Concrete by Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation 411
- Effects of Some Materials on Durability 412
- Action of Mineral Oils 412
- Action of Organic Acids 412
- Vegetables and Animal Oils and Fats 412
- Action of Sugar on Concrete 413
- Action of Sewage 413
- Surface Treatments of Concrete 413
- Maximum Cement Content 415
- Concluding Remarks on Durability 418
10. TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE 420-457
- Compression Test 421
- Moulds 422
- Compacting 422
- Compaction by Hand 423
- Compaction by Vibration 423
- Capping Specimens 424
- Neat cement 424
- Cement mortar 424
- Sulphur 424
- Hard plaster 425
- Curing 425
- Making and Curing Compression Test Specimen in the Field 425
- Failure of Compression Specimen 425
- Effect of Height / Diameter Ratio on Strength 427
- Comparison between Cube and Cylinder Strength 428
- Flexural Strength of Concrete 428
- Determination of Tensile Strength 429
- (xxii)
- Procedure 431
- Placing of Specimen in the Testing Machine 431
- Indirect Tension Test Methods 433
- Ring Tension Test 434
- Advantage of ring tension test 434
- Limitations of ring tension test 434
- Double Punch Test 434
- Factors Influencing the Strength Results 435
- Test Cores 436
- Strength of cores 437
- Non-Destructive Testing Methods 437
- Schmidt’s Rebound Hammer 439
- Limitation 439
- Rebound number and strength of concrete 440
- Penetration Techniques 441
- Pullout test 444
- Dynamic or Vibration Method 444
- Resonant Frequency Method 445
- Usefulness of resonant frequency method 445
- Pulse Velocity Method 446
- Techniques of measuring pulse velocity through concrete 447
- Factors affecting the measurement of pulse velocity 447
- Smoothness of contact surace under test 447
- Influence of path length on pulse velocity 448
- Temperature of concrete 448
- Moisture condition of concrete 448
- Presence of reinforcement 448
- Accuracy of measurement 449
- Applications 449
- Establishing uniformity of Concrete 449
- Establishing acceptance criteria 449
- Determination of pulse modulus of clasticity 450
- Estimation of strength of concrete 450
- Determination of setting characteristics of concrete 450
- Studies on durability of concrete 450
- Measurement of deteriration of concrete due to fire exposure 451
- Relationship between Pulse Velocity and Static Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 452
- Combined Methods 452
- Radioactivity Methods 452
- Nuclear Methods 453
- Magnetic Methods 454
- Electrical Methods 454
- Tests on Composition of Hardened Concrete 454
- Determination of Cement Content 454
- Determination of Original w/c Ratio 455
- Physical Method 455
- Accelerated Curing Test 456
11. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 458-503
- General 458
- Concept of Mix Design 459
- Variables in Proportioning 459
- Various Methods of Proportioning 460
- Statistical Quality Control of Concrete 460
- Common Terminologies 461
- Calculation of Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation 463
- Relation between Average Design Strength and Specified Minimum Strength 463
- American Concrete Institute Method of Mix Design 466
- Data to be Collected 466
- Example: ACI Committee 211.1–91 Method 471
- Road Note Number 4 Method 473
- DOE Method of Concrete Mix Design 474
- Example — DOE Method 477
- Concrete Mix Design Procedure for Concrete with Fly-Ash 482
- Example of Mix Design with Fly-Ash with DOE Method 482
- Mix Design for Pumpable Concrete 484
- Example: Basic Design Calculations for a Pumpable Concrete Mix 488
- Indian Standard Recommended Method of Concrete Mix Design 489
- Illustrative Example of Concrete Mix Design 495
- Rapid Method 498
- Steps of Mix Design based on rapid method 499
- Sampling and Acceptance Criteria 500
- Frequency of Sampling 500
- Test Specimen 501
- Test Results 501
- Acceptance Criteria 502
- Compressive Strength 502
- Flexural Strength 502
- Inspection and Testing of Structures 502
- Core Test 502
- Load Test for Flexural Member 502
- Non-destructive Test 503
12. SPECIAL CONCRETE AND CONCRETING METHODS 504-607
- Special concrete 504
- Light-weight concrete 506
- Pumice 506
- Diatomite 507
- Scoria 507
- Volcanic Cinders 507
- Saw Dust 507
- Rice Husk 507
- Brick Bats 508
- Cinder, Clinker and Breeze 508
- Foamed Slag 508
- Bloated Clay 509
- Sintered Fly Ash 509
- (xxiv)
- Exfoliated Vermiculite 509
- Expanded Perlite 509
- Light-weight Aggregate Concrete 510
- Structural Light-weight Concrete 513
- Workability 513
- Design of Light-weight Aggregate Concrete Mix 514
- Mixing Procedure 514
- Aerated Concrete 514
- Proporties 516
- No-fines Concrete 517
- Mix Proportion 517
- Drying Shrinkage 518
- Thermal Conductivity 519
- Application 519
- High Density Concrete 520
- Types of Radiation Hazards 521
- Shielding Ability of Concrete 521
- Concrete for Radiation Shielding 522
- Sulphur-Infiltrated Concrete 525
- Application 526
- Fibre Reinforced Concrete 526
- Fibres used 527
- Factors Effecting Properties 528
- Relative Fibre Matrix Stiffness 528
- Volume of Fibres 528
- Aspect Ratio of Fibres 529
- Orientation of Fibres 529
- Workability 530
- Size of coarse Aggregate 530
- Mixing 530
- Application 531
- Glass Fibre Reinforced Cement 531
- Current Development in (FRC) 532
- High Fibre Volume Micro-Fibre System 532
- Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete 532
- Compact Reinforced Composites 532
- Polymer Concrete 532
- Type of Polymer Concrete 533
- Polymer Impregnated Concrete 533
- Polymer Cement Concrete 534
- Polymer concrete 534
- Partially Impregnated Concrete 535
- Properties of Polymer Impregnated Concrete 536
- Stress-Strain Relationship 536
- Compressive Strength 536
- Tensil Strength 537
- Creep 539
- Shrinkage due to Polymerisation 539
- Durability 539
- Water Absorption 540
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 540
- (xxv)
- Resistance to Abrasion 540
- Wear and Skid Resistance 540
- Fracture of Polymer Impregnated Concrete 540
- Application of Polymer Impregnated Concrete 541
- Cold Weather Concreting 542
- Effects of Cold Weather on Concrete 542
- Low Temperature but above 0°C 453
- Low Temperature but below 0°C after Concreting 543
- Temperature Below 0°C at the Time of Concreting 544
- Hardened Concrete Subjected to Freezing and Thawing 544
- Concreting Methods at Sub-zero Temperature 544
- Hot Weather Concreting 552
- Precautions Taken 554
- Aggregates 554
- Water 555
- Production and Delivery 556
- Prepacked Concrete 556
- Vacuum Concrete 558
- Rate of Extraction of Water 558
- Vacuum Dewatered Concrete 560
- Gunite or Shotcrete 562
- Dry-Mix Process 562
- Wet-Mix Process 563
- Advantages of Wet and Dry Process 563
- General Use of Shoterete 563
- Concluding Remarks on Shotcrete 565
- Recent Studies 566
- Ferrocement 566
- Casting Techniques 568
- Hand Plastering 568
- Semi-Mechanised Process 568
- Centrifuging 569
- Guniting 570
- Application 570
- Roller Compacted Concrete 570
- Self compacting Concrete (SCC) 572
- Material for SCC 573
- Example of SCC Mixes 574
- Requirements for self-compacting concrete 575
- Workability Requirement for the fresh SCC 576
- Production and Placing 577
- Mix Design 577
- Test Methods 578
- Slump flow Test 579
- J-ring test 580
- V-Funnel Test 581
- L-Box test method 582
- U-Box Test 583
- Full Box Test 584
- Orimet test 587
- Complexities involved in making SCC 588
- New Generation Plasticizers 589
- Indian Scenario of SCC 590
- (xxvi)
- Experience of Delhi Metro Project 590
- Experience of Mock-up Trials at Tarapur Atomic
- Power Project 591
- Use of SCC Kaiga 592
- Trials at SERC Chennai 594
- Study at Hong Kong 595
- How economical is Self Compacting Concrete 597
- Bacterial Concrete 598
- Experimental Investigations 598
- Zeopolymer Concrete 599
- Basalt fibre concrete and concre reinforced with basalt fibre reinforcements 602
- General Reference Books 608-611
- List of Indian Standard Specifications and Code
- of Pratices, Related to Cement and Concrete 612-616
- Subject Index 617-624